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Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine
Periodical of GESDAV
Journal Home Page		ISSN: 1309-4572 (Print)
ISSN: 2146-3298 (Online)
Language: [ English ]  

  » Volume 3, Issue 2
      pp. 81-169
  » Volume 3, Issue 1
      pp. 1-79

 

Open Access

Invited Review



Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights

Ronaldo A. Ribeiro, Roberto C.P. Lima-Junior, Caio Abner V.G. Leite, Jose Mauricio S.C. Mota, Francisco Y.B. Macedo, Marcos V.A. Lima, Gerly A.C. Brito.

A B S T R A C TR E F E R E N C E SCited by (2) 

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) remains a common and life-threatening clinical complication, mainly due to the increasing usage of alkylating agents during conditioning regimen for hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Currently, mesna and hyperhydration are the two more employed preventive measures. However, these prophylactic approaches have been proven not to be completely effective, since cystoscopic and histopathologic bladder damage are evidenced. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of HC must be the cornerstone for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
The purpose of this review is to examine the current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of HC, describing the importance of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, -4, -6, and -8), enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2), among other mediators, for the bladder injury. We also discuss the currently available animal models and future perspectives on the management of HC.

Key words: Cancer; Chemotherapy; Hemorrhagic cystitis; Pathogenesis


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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ribeiro RA, Lima-Junior RC, Leite CAV, Mota JMS, Macedo FY, Lima MV, Brito GA. Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. J Exp Integr Med. 2012; 2(2): 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


Web Style

Ribeiro RA, Lima-Junior RC, Leite CAV, Mota JMS, Macedo FY, Lima MV, Brito GA. Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. www.scopemed.org/?mno=13825 [Access: May 18, 2013]. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ribeiro RA, Lima-Junior RC, Leite CAV, Mota JMS, Macedo FY, Lima MV, Brito GA. Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. J Exp Integr Med. 2012; 2(2): 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ribeiro RA, Lima-Junior RC, Leite CAV, Mota JMS, Macedo FY, Lima MV, Brito GA. Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. J Exp Integr Med. (2012), [cited May 18, 2013]; 2(2): 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


Harvard Style

Ribeiro, R. A., Lima-Junior, R. C., Leite, C. A. V., Mota, J. M. S., Macedo, F. Y., Lima, M. V. & Brito, G. A. (2012) Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. J Exp Integr Med, 2 (2), 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


Turabian Style

Ribeiro, Ronaldo A., Roberto C.P. Lima-Junior, Caio Abner V.G. Leite, Jose Mauricio S.C. Mota, Francisco Y.B. Macedo, Marcos V.A. Lima, and Gerly A.C. Brito. 2012. Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine, 2 (2), 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


Chicago Style

Ribeiro, Ronaldo A., Roberto C.P. Lima-Junior, Caio Abner V.G. Leite, Jose Mauricio S.C. Mota, Francisco Y.B. Macedo, Marcos V.A. Lima, and Gerly A.C. Brito. "Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights." Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine 2 (2012), 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ribeiro, Ronaldo A., Roberto C.P. Lima-Junior, Caio Abner V.G. Leite, Jose Mauricio S.C. Mota, Francisco Y.B. Macedo, Marcos V.A. Lima, and Gerly A.C. Brito. "Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights." Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine 2.2 (2012), 95-112. Print. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ribeiro, R. A., Lima-Junior, R. C., Leite, C. A. V., Mota, J. M. S., Macedo, F. Y., Lima, M. V. & Brito, G. A. (2012) Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis: pathogenesis, pharmacological approaches and new insights. Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine, 2 (2), 95-112. doi:10.5455/jeim.080312.ir.010


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